Wednesday, March 30, 2016

Our Fifth to Sixth Year: Changes Brewing

Dear All:
As we move on to the next five years, I wanted to personally thank all those who have stuck with me and with the caucus over the past five years. It has been great to work with you, even though the work has at times been overwhelming. The caucus now has a steadily growing membership, has a reasonable amount of money mainly resulting from its conferences (particularly Singapore 2015), has gradually broadened the number and scope of the panels sponsored and co-sponsored at the main ISA conference, and most of all, has certainly contributed to the awareness of ISA that the global south must be included in IR and IS, theoretically as well as substantively. (In this respect, please watch out for the forthcoming publication by Palgrave-Macmillan of Seeking to Lead: Diplomatic Strategies of Rising Nations in the Global South, edited by J. Braveboy-Wagner and containing contributions by many caucus members.)

We hope to devote the next few years to broadening our outreach to various regions and countries in the global south as well as to integrating global south studies as tightly as possible into ISA. In this respect, as the formal leadership transitions to new hands, we have created a new Advisory Committee on Outreach whose members include the Immediate Past Chair (JB-W), former Vice Chair Lisa Richey (Denmark), former head of Africa Initiative Eric Degila (Geneva), former head of the Developing Eurasia Initiative Jason Strakes (Georgia), and Alan Chong (Singapore), assisted in logistical matters by the previous Newsletter Editor Diana Cassells. This committee (working with the EXCOM) will handle all matters concerning affiliations with institutions in the global south as well as the related matter of conferences and workshops (including aspects of ISA's joint conferences) to be held in the global south. If you are interested in any form of outreach to us, whether you are an individual or an institution, please contact jbraveboy-wagner@gc.cuny.edu as soon as possible.

We know that members are particularly anxious to know where we will hold out third GSCIS conference. The  Advisory Committee and the Executive Committee will decide on this issue very soon so stay tuned.

As we move on to the program for ISA 2016 Baltimore, we need to finalize the status of our slate of officers for the next year. So if you have not yet voted, please do not forget that the deadline to do so is April 1. All members received ballots by email but if you did not please go to  http://gscis.blogspot.com/2016/03/election-ballot.html for details ASAP!

Best wishes to all,
J. Braveboy-Wagner

Atlanta Redux

Dear Colleagues:

We celebrated our fifth anniversary (with no particular ceremony) at ISA-Atlanta and I think that we can all agree that the Atlanta conference was a great success for the GSCIS. We sponsored and co-sponsored a record number of panels, workshops and other events, including a presidential theme panel, a workshop on gender issues, and of course our Distinguished Scholar luncheon. Many thanks to all who participated in these events! As is traditional, Amitav Acharya, our Distinguished Scholar Honoree, will be sending us a copy of his well-received address soon. And as usual we will carry it both on this blog and in the next newsletter. The luncheon was well attended and the food was delicious. Kudos to Max Lager's manager Dallas Hardy for managing what could have been a problematic hurdle that led to the late arrival of the much-requested salmon. Here are some photos from the luncheon.




Introductions by Chair, J. Braveboy-Wagner
Honoree Amitav Acharya speaking
Presentation of Award
With Arlene Tickner, 2014 Honoree
Sheila Nair and Colleagues accepting award for the late Prof. Geeta Chowdhry













For the text of Amitav Acharya's speech go to http://gscis.blogspot.com/2016/06/speeech-of-distinguished-honoree-amitav.html
Please go to the next blog entry http://gscis.blogspot.com/2016/03/our-fifth-to-sixth-year-changes-brewing.html for more on our 5th-6th year plans! 

Tuesday, March 8, 2016

Election Ballot

Please send to Seifudein Adem (adems@binghamton.edu) by April 1, 2016. You may also drop off ballots at the Business Meeting of the GSCIS, Atlanta, Wednesday March 16th.
For details on the GSCIS program in Atlanta, see my earlier post at http://gscis.blogspot.com/2016/03/panels-and-events-of-gscis-in-atlanta.html


FOR ONE YEAR TERM 2016-17

Chair slot:

____Nanette Svenson, Panama/Tulane University, USA

____(Write in candidate) ________

Vice Chair/ Program Chair slot:

____ Imad Mansour, Qatar University

____(Write in candidate) ________

Africa slot:
____ Paul Adogamhe, Nigeria/University of Wisconsin, USA

____(Write in candidate) ________

Latin America and Caribbean slot:

____ Kristina Hinds Harrison, Cave Hill (Barbados) campus, University of the West Indies

_____ (Write in candidate) ________

Middle East slot:

___  Serkan Bulut, Turkey/Delaware and CICP, Cambodia

____(Write in candidate) ________

Developing Eurasia or North-South slot:


____ Aigul Kulnazarova , USSR/Kazakhstan/Tama University, Japan

____(Write in candidate) ________

Secretary/Communications:

____ Mariana Kalil, Brazil

____(Write in candidate) ________

TWO YEAR TERMS

Asia Slot:

______ Pichamon May Yeophantong 

_______ (Write in Candidate) _________

Treasurer:

____ Matthew Bishop, UWI, Trinidad

____(Write in candidate) ________

Newsletter Editor


____ Kevin Funk, University of Florida

____(Write in candidate) ________

EXCOM ELECTION BALLOT/BIOS 2016

Dear Members,
Here are the bios for the slate of candidates for the next year (in some cases--where there are fresh faces-- the term is two years). A ballot has been sent to each member in good standing of the caucus. We need a minimum of 15% of the members to vote to constitute a valid election. You can check all the boxes or only those persons that you wish to approve. Only the current treasurer, Seifudein Adem, will handle the ballots. You may also write in candidates if you wish. (Even if your candidate does not get elected, this gives us a change to add new persons to our roster for the next round of elections.) Just in case, a ballot copy has been appended as a link to this note as well. Please cut and paste it.
jbw


Bios and term (for ballot scroll down to the end):
To be elected for one additional year 2016-7:

Paul G. Adogamhe (AFRICA REP) is Professor of Political Science in the Department of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater-Wisconsin, USA. The focus of his research interest includes Pan-Africanism, Nigeria’s Foreign Relations, Issues of Poverty and Economic Development in Africa and UN Reforms. Aside from the contributions to edited volumes, his articles have been published in the Nigerian Journal of International Affairs (NJIA), African Integration Review, Poverty and Public Policy, the Journal of Energy and Development, Journal of Development Alternatives and Area Studies, among others.

Serkan Bulut (MIDDLE EAST REP)  is an alumnus of Bogazici and Bilkent Universities in Turkey and University of Delaware in the United States. Currently he is a resident research fellow at CICP focusing on civil-military relations and foreign policy analysis. While most of his work is on Turkish foreign policy, the neo-ottomanism debate and its impact on Middle East, he also published articles on civilianization of politics and its reflection on foreign and security policy making process. He has traveled and done research in various Middle Eastern countries and presented his work in various international avenues. Mr. Bulut worked for several National and International organizations like Turkish Grand National Assembly and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in different capacities.


Kristina Hinds Harrison (LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN)   (PhD, London School of Economics) is currently a lecturer in political science and international relations at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, where she has worked since 2006. During her time at the University of the West Indies she served as the coordinator for the MSc Integration Studies from 2007 until 2013 and designed the BSc International Relations for the Cave Hill Campus. Kristina Hinds Harrison has published work on the role of civil society in Caribbean regional integration, on political protest in the Caribbean Community, as well as on gender in Caribbean politics/political economy. She continues to conduct research on Caribbean civil society involvement in regional and international politics and on gender in Caribbean politics. She is currently working on a comparative study of the mechanisms for civil society participation in Caribbean and African integration initiatives.


Aigul Kulnazarova (DEVELOPING EURASIA) is Professor of International Relations and International Law at the School of Global Studies, Tama University, Japan. Born and raised in the USSR (now independent Kazakhstan), in the mid of 1990s she left for India to pursue her M.Phil. and Ph.D. studies at Pune University. In 2001, she joined the Graduate School of Law of Nagoya University in Japan, as a postdoctoral fellow and the Japan Foundation scholar. Dr Kulnazarova specializes in international organizations, international relations, human rights, global history and political thought. Her recent publications include two book chapters, Bridging Cultures: Negotiating Difference (2014), and Communication and New Technology (2014), both with SAGE Handbook of Globalization and Handbook of Human Rights, respectively. Concurrently, Dr Kulnazarova (2013-2017) is a senior member of international research project “Routes of Knowledge: The global history of UNESCO: 1945-1975,” which is sponsored by the Danish Research Council and in conjunction with the History Project of UNESCO in Paris, France. As part of this research, she now works on two independent book projects, one that examines the global impact of UNESCO’s education for international understanding and peace, and the other - the USSR’s relations with international organizations during the Cold War. 

Imad Mansour (FOR VICE CHAIR) is Assistant Professor, Department of International Affairs, University of Qatar, 2013. He was formerly Visiting Professor, Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po Paris) – Campus Moyen-Orient Méditerranée, 2012-2013 and Faculty Lecturer, Department of Political Science, McGill University, 2005-2011. He has published a number of articles on the Arab Spring and instability in the Middle East. He has been a member of the Global South Caucus from its initiation in 2011, serving on the EXCOM as its Middle East representative. He chaired the first GSCIS conference in Menton, France.


Nannette Archer Svenson (FOR CHAIR) teaches at Tulane University. She has lived and worked for the past 20 years in Tokyo, Barcelona and Panama. She has experience in the private sector, international development and academia, and currently works as a consultant for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and various Panamanian public and private entities. She received a BA from Stanford University, an MBA from IESE in Barcelona, and an MS and PhD in International Development from Tulane University. Apart from Tulane, she has taught at Panama’s Catholic University (USMA), the Panamanian Secretariat for Science, Technology and Innovation (SENACYT) and UC Berkeley. She helped found and head Pro Artesana, the leading NGO for Panamanian artisan capacity development and is a member of Panama’s FUDESPA, a private foundation for national economic and social development. She has been a member of the Global South Caucus from its initiation in 2011, serving on the EXCOM as its Latin American representative and afterwards as a Vice-President.


Mariana Alves da Cunha Kalil (COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR)  is Visiting Professor, Institute for Strategic Studies, Fluminense Federal University (INEST/UFF). She has been Editor-in-chief, Foreign Policy in Debate http://politicaexternabrasileira.com/; Associate Researcher at the Lab for Brazilian Foreign Policy Studies (LEPEB/UFF); Associate Researcher at GAPCon/UCAM (Group for the Analysis of International Conflict Prevention); and Executive Coordinator for the Sergio Vieira de Mello School (EPAZ). She is working for her Ph.D., She holds a Master's in Comparative and International Politics at IRel/UnB and a Bachelor in International Relations at IRI/PUC-Rio. She is a member of Young Professionals in Foreign Policy (YPFF), Women in International Security (WIIS), in the International Studies Association (ISA) and in the Brazilian Association for International Studies (ABRI).

NEW PERSONS: TWO YEAR TERMS



Matthew Bishop (FOR TREASURER) is Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the Institute of International Relations, University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago. Before taking up this post he taught in the Department of Politics at Sheffield, from where he also earned his PhD. Matt has held visiting positions at Warwick University (as Transatlantic Fellow), the Institute of Social Studies (The Hague), the Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (Leiden) and Wuhan University, China. He is currently the managing editor of the Caribbean Journal of International Relations & Diplomacy, and he has undertaken consultancies on behalf of various organizations, including the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the UK Department for International Development (DfID), the Commonwealth Secretariat, and Project Ploughshares. Matt’s main area of research interest is the political economy of development, with a particular focus on small state; global patterns of growth and development after the crisis; regional and multilateral trade politics, the global politics of democratization, and the implications of hegemonic transitions in the global political economy and the attendant rise of China for small, developing countries. He is currently working on a grant from the Social Sciences Research Council to conduct a project on the Turning Tide of Drug Policy Reform in the Americas. He is the author of two books: The Political Economy of Caribbean Development, and, with Jean Grugel, Democratization: A Critical Introduction, both published by Palgrave in 2013.


Kevin Funk (FOR NEWSLETTER EDITOR) is completing his PhD in the Department of Political Science and the Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Florida.His dissertation analyzes the political economy and geopolitical significance of relations between Latin America and the Arab world, and utilizes interpretive methodologies to interrogate the claim that there is a “transnational capitalist class” with a shared class consciousness.He also serves as the Co-President for Graduate Assistants United, the labor union representing approximately 4,000 Graduate Assistants at the University of Florida
.

Dr Pichamon May Yeophantong [พิชามญชุ์ เอี่ยาพานทอง; 皮查蒙 约范童] (FOR ASIA REP) is Lecturer (Asst Prof) in International Relations and Development in the School of Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia. Pichamon is also the Director of the Environmental Justice and Human Rights in Asia project at the Australian Human Rights Centre, as well as Research Associate at the Global Economic Governance Programme, University College, Oxford, and ASEAN-Canada Senior Fellow (non-resident) at the RSIS Non-Traditional Security Studies Centre, Nanyang Technological University.Prior to joining UNSW, Pichamon was a Global Leaders Fellow at Oxford University and the Niehaus Center for Globalization and Governance, Princeton University. She has held visiting fellowships at a number of universities, including Peking University, China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai International Studies University, and National Taiwan University (as an inaugural Taiwan Fellow), having also taught at Thammasat University and the Australian National University. Pichamon has conducted extensive fieldwork in China, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam, and has been a consultant to the Africa Progress Panel and the Overseas Development Institute on issues relating to natural resource governance and humanitarianism in the Global South. Her work has appeared in edited volumes and publications such as Pacific Affairs, Chinese Journal of International Politics, Asian Survey, as well as in popular media outlets including Yale Global and The Diplomat. She is working on two book manuscripts: one on how 'responsibility' features in China's engagement with global governance; and the other on the ecological footprint of Chinese resource investment in Southeast Asia. Pichamon speaks Thai, Lao, Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, and reads/writes Sanskrit, among other languages.
———

Friday, March 4, 2016

Panels and events of GSCIS in Atlanta

Dear Colleagues:
Atlanta is almost here and as usual, we have sent out a newsletter containing the GSCIS sponsored and co-sponsored events and panels. Just in case you leave your newsletter at home, don't have it on email, and want to access our part of the program online in compact format, we are (as usual) including the events and panels in this blog post. We look forward to seeing you in Atlanta!

Wednesday, March 16
10:30 AM – 12:15
WB15: ISA-Global South Caucus Dialogue: All Members Invited!
This is a chance to "vent" to ISA on issues of importance to GS scholars! Come and put a word in!
Place: 304, Hilton Atlanta

WB29: Looking for Peace in South Asian Conflict Zones
Place: Georgia 2, Sheraton Atlanta

12:30 PM - 1:30 PM 
Global South Caucus Business Meeting : All Members and Friends Invited! Come hear what we have been doing in the past year and our plans for the next. Meet the executive members.
Place: 206, Hilton Atlanta

4:00 PM -5:45 PM 
WD65: HIV/AIDS: politics and policy after 30 years - comparisons and catastrophes
Place: 208, Hilton Atlanta

Thursday, March 17 
8:15 AM - 10:00 AM
TA77: Small States Matter: Resolving Conflict and Making Peace
Place: 405, Hilton Atlanta

10:30 AM - 12:15 PM
TB72: After Brussels: Perspectives of the EU-Latin American Relationship
Place: 311, Hilton Atlanta

1:45 PM-3:30 PM
TC11: Theme Panel: Cementing the Political Peace: Strengthening Societal and Economic Bonds.
Place: Salon A, Hilton Atlanta

4:00 PM - 5:45 PM
TD72: Refugee and Migrant Protest and Solidarity Movements: Remaking Citizenship from the Margins
Place: 311, Hilton Atlanta
TD77: Asian and Global Political Economy
Place: 405, Hilton Atlanta
TD32: Winding Down? Revving Up? Strategizing for Late Career Moves
Place: 303, Hilton Atlanta

Friday, March 18
9:00 AM-10:15 AM
Workshop on Gender Issues Affecting Global South Academics (follow up to Singapore)
Place: Crystal Boardroom, Hilton Hotel, Atlanta.

10:30 AM - 12:15 PM
FB48: Gender and the Art of War, Peace and Security
Place: 212, Hilton Atlanta
FB82: Education for Peace and Development
Place: 308, Hilton Atlanta
FB70: Climate Justice and Human Rights in Global Development: Critical Engagements
Place: 402, Hilton Atlanta
FB39: States, Peoples, Rights: (Post)colonialism in Historical Perspective
Place: Georgia 10, Sheraton Atlanta _

11.30 AM-1.00 PM: LUNCHEON in HONOR OF AMITAV ACHARYA; TRIB UTE TO GEETA CHOWDHRY.
Max Lager's Wood-Fired Grill, Off-Site Venue
320 Peachtree St. NE Atlanta. Walking Distance from the Hilton! We begin to gather at 11.15 You can meet others who are going at the entrance to the Hilton or just come by yourself or with friends. Best to be seated by 11.45..
___________________________
1:45 PM - 3:30 PM
FC38: Critical Approaches to IR Teaching
Place: Georgia 9, Sheraton Atlanta

4.00 PM - 5:45 PM
FD25: Geographies of peace and conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa: Mapping political violence, contested statehood and political authority
Place: Pavilion 6, Hilton Atlanta
FD56: Contemporary Threats to Peace in Africa
Place: Atlanta 4, Sheraton Atlanta

Saturday, March 19
8:15 AM - 10:00 AM
SA66: Ideas and Images of Peace, Conflict, and Competition in the Middle East
Place: 404, Hilton Atlanta
SA86: Exploring Conflict and Peace-making in Eurasia
Place: 409, Hilton Atlanta
SA55: Women's Rights and Agency: Comparative Perspectives
Place: Atlanta 3, Sheraton Atlanta

1:45 PM -3:30 PM
SC02: US Foreign Policy and Peace
Place: Salon D, Hilton Atlanta 4:00 PM -5:45 PM
SD26: No Match For A Good Blaster At Your Side: Star Wars and International Security
Place: 305, Hilton Atlanta

Tuesday, February 9, 2016

Workshop on Gender Issues Atlanta: CALL FOR PARTICIPATION



Dear Members:



Call for Participation

ISA-Global South Caucus Gender Workshop: Meeting on Global South Women in IR

This meeting is a follow-up to the first ISA-Global South Caucus Global South Gender Networking Workshop, held in Singapore, January 9, 2015, and constitutes a preparatory session to the second such workshop to be held at the Third IS-Global South Conference (2017, TBA).

The Caucus is inviting participation in this discussion session in Atlanta from all persons interested in the status of GS women in academia, whether those working in the south or those who occupy academic positions in the north. We will be particularly pleased to welcome and hear from Adriana Abdenur who has been organizing fellow academics in Brazil.

Note: Participants in the GS Workshop, Singapore, are specially invited!

For Your Information, the results of the Singapore discussions are available here: http://gscis.blogspot.com/2016/02/workshop-on-gender-issues-atlanta.html

When? Friday, March 18 9:00-10:15am
Where? Crystal Boardroom (Please note: NOT the Ballroom), Hilton Hotel, Atlanta.

RSVP by March 7 to GSC Communications Secretary marianakalil@gmail.com (we would be grateful if you can send a short bio as well)
Issues to be discussed include networking, mentorship, barriers to success, publication, employment, social media etc.


The following is a summary of our discussions in Singapore:
Global South Gender Networking Workshop, Singapore, January 9, 2015

Among issues highlighted were the following:
1    1. Collegiality and marginalization: Interaction with male members of departments is often difficult. Women faculty often feel isolated (because of identity, cultural, family and other issues). There is often disrespect for women’s achievements, no matter what the level and quality of publications produced. Women faculty are often decried as “aggressive” or self-promoting.   Some women are the only ones in their department and feel particularly estranged, not to mention in some instances there is sexual harassment or the threat of it. Foreign professors in northern situations have the additional problem of being perceived as the “other.”  (On the other hand, it was noted that in Iran women are not so much marginalized as desexualized – which raises its own problems.)
Solution discussed: need to form networks both with allies in a department and with institutional allies. (Of course we recognize that in some instances female faculty do not support their colleagues but this is a conversation better left for the future.)  Both south-south and north-south mentoring are desirable. Female faculty need to seek male allies as well as female. There is a need to find out what/ how the south’s men are doing.  There is a need to pressure universities regarding sexual harassment (here the north is more advanced than the south overall).
2.    Research: Research on south issues and work employing critical pedagogy are often devalued in the north. Moreover, northern scholarship on the south is often presumed to be more valid than southern scholarship on south areas and issues. This attitude pervades even the professional elites and hiring authorities IN the south. Patronizing attitudes toward south scholars and scholarship are common in many places. This also means that access to mainstream publishing outlets is limited.
Solution (JBW’s comments): This is a major issue which the Global South Caucus is seeking to address  via workshops, mentorship, and discussions with ISA journal editors.  Discussions are underway about whether to pursue the ideal of impacting the northern discourse or develop more south-oriented  outlets or how best to meld the two. As the world structure changes toward more inclusiveness, it is to be hoped that specialists of the south will be more in demand. The furor that erupted when ISA offered a series on current events in New Orleans, featuring only northern scholars, predominantly male (The Sapphire Series), is perhaps indicative of a move toward greater concern about diversity overall.

3.  Family life: Finding the appropriate balance between family life and work is a much-mentioned issue which actually pertains to men as well, in a world which strives for gender equality). When it comes to work, it was noted by one participant, “your family does not exist.”
Related to this, maternity leave is not a given.
A special note on online universities: while online teaching may help ease the family life problem, it was noted that it also harms women in that such work is usually non-tenure track.

Solution: There is no easy solution to this. Labor legislation in the north helps; workshops for young faculty help. Inclusive gender networking is needed.

4. Burden of work:  women, and southern women in particular, tend to be overburdened with student mentorship duties and undergraduate teaching . Neither of these areas are as important for tenure and promotion (usually) as research. Requirements for tenure in particular are often ambiguous.
Solution discussed: networking, being proactive, making sure you receive clear guidelines, seeking senior external allies who will be helpful as evaluators of your work for promotion and tenure.
   5.    Left for the future: a discussion of whether ethnic issues and issues of inequality are more problematic than gender issues in the south.

Thank you for your participation. We will continue the conversation.
jbw

Thursday, February 4, 2016

Event at ISA Atlanta

The Caucus Chairs and Executive Committee invite you to attend several events in Atlanta, including the Business Meeting, the Luncheon, and a meeting of female GS academics (following on the workshop we held in Singapore: time to be announced). In addition please note the following Call.



Call for Participation

ISA-Global South Caucus Dialogue

The International Studies Association’s (ISA) Headquarters and the Global South Caucus (GSC) wish to invite participation in the “ISA Global South Caucus Dialogue” to be held on Wednesday, March 16, 2016 at the Annual Convention in Atlanta. This dialogue will address the GSC’s emphasis on raising the profile and involvement of scholars and scholarship from the Global South in the work of the ISA.

The ISA-Global South Caucus Dialogue will raise probing questions about:

·         The involvement of scholars from the Global South in the governing bodies and leadership positions in the ISA;
·         The participation of Global South scholars and graduate students in the research activities and publications of the ISA (e.g. research workshops, publications in ISA journals);
·         Logistical concerns related to involvement of scholars and students from the Global South in the ISA (e.g. allocation of travel grants, location and scheduling of panels at conferences);
·         Greater cooperation between scholars from the “North and “South” (e.g. in publications, panels, research workshops), and
·         The English language focus of the ISA.

The active involvement of members of the GSC, and of ISA members working in the Global South or on Global South issues, is needed in order to produce a meaningful conversation about these issues. Therefore, we invite interested persons to apply to serve as panelists who will frame this dialogue. Interested persons should submit questions, perspectives or concerns related to the themes (noted above) no later than February 19, 2016.  Submissions should be no longer than 125 words in length and should be sent to tiky@isanet.org. Five conveners will be selected to speak briefly about their submissions. The selected conveners will be drawn, one each, from the following geographical areas in order to reflect the focus of the GSC: Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Developing Eurasia.

We encourage your submissions to this high level dialogue which will be attended by the ISA President, Paul Diehl, and Vice President, Aseem Prakash, as well as the Chairs and members of the GS Executive Committee, in an effort to raise the profile of Global South perspectives.